Design and Performance Optimization of Titanium Dioxide Coated Nanostructured Optical Fibers for 5G Wireless Communication Systems

Abstract

The 5G wireless communication systems demands optical fibers that can carry large amounts of data with low delay and stable performance, however, conventional optical fibers have limitations in their materials and structural design. Therefore, improving the performance of optical fibers has become an important area of research. This study examines the use of titanium dioxide (TiO₂)-coated nanostructured optical fibers to enhance fiber performance for 5G applications. Titanium dioxide was used for its high refractive index, good chemical stability and low optical loss. The coating was applied to photonic crystal fibers and tapered nanostructured fibers to improve light confinement, reduce signal loss and control dispersion. The behavior of the proposed fiber structures is analyzed through numerical simulations based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) and the Beam Propagation Method (BPM), and changes in coating thickness and fiber geometry are studied to understand their effect on key parameters such as transmission efficiency, bandwidth, bit error rate (BER) and receiver sensitivity. The findings show that applying a TiO₂ coating significantly improve fiber performance through reducing optical loss by up to 30%, and improving bandwidth and signal stability. In addition, the study indicates that these fiber designs can be introduced into existing 5G network system without major modifications. The study found that TiO₂-coated nanostructured optical fibers provide a practical and effective approach for supporting future high-speed wireless communication networks.