Electrical Electronics
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Item Energy Efficiency Optimization Techniques For 5g Ultra Dense Wireless Networks Using Massive Mimo(2026) Zinabu NegashWith the fast development of wireless communication systems, lowering energy utilization in these systems has resulted in an essential requirement for network operators. In the context of 5G wireless networks, the concept of energy efficiency (EE) has been recognized as an important performance measure. Optimizing the network design will result in considerable savings in terms of total power consumption, especially with the incorporation of massive MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology.Item Performance Comparison of Temperature Profile Control of Clay Kiln for Ethiopian Pottery Industry(2026) Nahome NigussiePottery production plays an important cultural and economic role in Ethiopia; however, traditional clay kilns are commonly operated using manual temperature control methods that lead to inconsistent firing conditions, poor product quality, and high energy consumption. Maintaining an accurate temperature profile during the firing process is critical for achieving proper clay vitrification, minimizing defects, and improving overall production efficiency. This study focuses on the modeling, design, and performance comparison of temperature profile control strategies for an electric clay kiln used in the Ethiopian pottery industry. A dynamic mathematical model of the electric clay kiln was developed based on energy balance principles, incorporating heat transfer through conduction, convection, and radiation, as well as thermal inertia and time delay effects. Using this model, three control strategies Proportional Integral Derivative (PID), Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC), and Model Predictive Control (MPC) were designed and implemented in MATLAB/Simulink.Item Design and Performance Enhancement of Massive MIMO PIFA Arrays for 5G Wireless Communication Systems(2026) Mesfin BerhanuThe rapid deployment of fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication systems has increased the demand for small-size, high-gain, and high-directivity antennas that can operate efficiently at millimeter wave frequencies. This thesis presents the design, simulation, and performance of single and massive MIMO Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) configurations with a resonant frequency of 28 GHz by using High Frequency Structural Simulator (ANSYS HFSS) software. Starting from a single PIFA element, the work systematically explores 1x2, 4x4, and 4x5 PIFA MIMO arrays in order to quantify the effect of array scaling on impedance matching, bandwidth, gain, directivity, and radiation behavior.Item Optimal ANFIS Based Automatic Generation Control for Steam Power Plant(2026) G/hiwet G/mariam G/slassieThe growing complexity, nonlinear characteristics, and continuous load variations in modern power systems require advanced control techniques to ensure reliable operation and maintain frequency stability. Automatic Generation Control (AGC) plays a crucial role in balancing power generation with load demand and in maintaining system frequency within acceptable limits. Although conventional controllers such as PID and FLC have been widely used in AGC applications, their performance often decreases under nonlinear operating conditions and load disturbances. This can result in higher overshoot, longer settling time, and reduced robustness. This thesis proposes an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)-based AGC scheme for a steam power plant. The proposed approach integrates the learning capability of neural networks with the reasoning ability of fuzzy logic for effectively handle system nonlinearities and uncertainties. A detailed mathematical model of single-area steam power plant, including the governor, turbine, and generator-load dynamics, is developed and implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink. The performance of the proposed controller evaluated under both steady-state conditions and different load disturbance scenarios, including load addition and load rejection. The results compared with those obtained PID and FLC controllers.Item Design and Performance Optimization of Titanium Dioxide Coated Nanostructured Optical Fibers for 5G Wireless Communication Systems(2026) Birhanu GetinetThe 5G wireless communication systems demands optical fibers that can carry large amounts of data with low delay and stable performance, however, conventional optical fibers have limitations in their materials and structural design. Therefore, improving the performance of optical fibers has become an important area of research. This study examines the use of titanium dioxide (TiO₂)-coated nanostructured optical fibers to enhance fiber performance for 5G applications. Titanium dioxide was used for its high refractive index, good chemical stability and low optical loss. The coating was applied to photonic crystal fibers and tapered nanostructured fibers to improve light confinement, reduce signal loss and control dispersion. The behavior of the proposed fiber structures is analyzed through numerical simulations based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) and the Beam Propagation Method (BPM), and changes in coating thickness and fiber geometry are studied to understand their effect on key parameters such as transmission efficiency, bandwidth, bit error rate (BER) and receiver sensitivity. The findings show that applying a TiO₂ coating significantly improve fiber performance through reducing optical loss by up to 30%, and improving bandwidth and signal stability. In addition, the study indicates that these fiber designs can be introduced into existing 5G network system without major modifications. The study found that TiO₂-coated nanostructured optical fibers provide a practical and effective approach for supporting future high-speed wireless communication networks.Item Design and Applications Of Massive Mimo Antenna With Metasurface For 5g Wireless Communications System(2026) Abinet OcheThe increasing demands for network expansion require Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology which needs Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology that can deploy extensive antenna systems. The study investigated the complete characteristics of a large MIMO antenna together with its adaptable Meta surface which supports innovative 5G wireless communication technology. The proposed design uses Meta materials to achieve electromagnetic control which solves three major problems such as mutual coupling, bandwidth constraints, and ineffective beam formation that affect standard MIMO systems. A trapezoidal patch antenna array was developed and optimized to function in the sub-6 GHz frequency range specifically at 3.5 GHz which serves as a vital 5G access network frequency. The Meta surface augmented design achieves significant performance improvements over traditional patch arrays in three key areas design delivers notable gains in isolation, directivity, and gain, which full wave simulations demonstrate through comprehensive testing.Item Improving the voltage sag and voltage swell of power distribution with the integration of ultra-capacitor and dynamic voltage restorer using RBF network(2022) Mahider MasereshaPower Quality (PQ) problem is an occurrence manifested as a nonstandard voltage, current or frequency that results in a failure of end use equipment’s. The voltage sag and swell are the most frequent PQ problems that mainly occur in the distribution systems that causes for frequent tripping of circuit breaker, failure of drive systems, shutdown for domestic and industrial equipment. The Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) connected in series has magnificent dynamic capabilities and is a flexible solution for PQ problems. Ultra Capacitors/UCAP has ideal characteristics such as high power and low energy density essential for improving the voltage sag and swell. In this thesis, voltage sag and voltage swell problem are improved by using the method of integration of Ultra Capacitor and Dynamic Voltage Restorer device and Radial Basis Function network.Item Design Of Active Control System Using Aco Based Pid Controller For Civil Structure Under Seismic Excitation.(2023) Getachew LereboThe point of this research work is to develop structural control under seismic excitation. The background of this control mechanism is discussed in introduction part. In the second part, the reviews of literatures are discussed with their limitation and the third part includes the modeling of the civil building (2floor) structure to control, active control system with feedback mechanism has been developed. This feedback mechanism, PID controller with active mass damper is discussed with their designed specification and modeling. Active mass damper system and PID controller were designed for mitigating vibrations along the civil structure due to wind and earthquake. ACO and PSO algorithm are developed for tuning PID parameters. ACO based PID control mechanism has better performance and fast response. The sensor with dual properties has developed for vibration motion of the structure, this sensor is called piezoelectric sensor. Which can work with inverse operation and direct operation, in this thesis work direct operation or sensor operation was considered to sense vibration of the structure under earthquake. And 0.085ac voltage was produced. In spite of the ac output produced by piezoelectric element, rectifier is placed at the output side of the piezo element to convert ac to dc. And produced Dc voltage is low; boost converter is applied to step up this voltage and produces 11.18 Vdc. Dc motor as actuator was designed and produced mechanical force to apply in to active mass damper which is modelled in side of the civil structure. Actuator force produced is 1.9 ∗ 10−3N and disturbance force is −2.7 ∗ 10−5NItem Design And Analysis Of Bio-Inspired Control Techniques For Energy Flow In A Smart Grid(2022) Bereket GetahunThe smart grid concept is critical in order to use renewable energy efficiently, which necessitates the integration of renewable energy sources. Rising electricity demand has increased efforts to generate and meet rising demand. As a result, suppliers attempted to reduce consumption with the help of users. Requests to move unnecessary loads outside of peak hours use other generators to supply the grid, and provide incentives to users have all had a significant impact. Automated Home Energy Management System use load scheduling techniques to control house appliances in response to Demand Responce signals. This thesis introduces HEMS, which automatically schedules appliances throughout the house to save money. Thermal loads are prioritized by controllers because they have the greatest impact on the electricity bill. They do, however, take into account many factors that similar models do not, such as the physical properties of the room/medium, the outside temperatures, the comfort levels of the users, and the occupancy of the house.Item Simulation of Motion Control Differential Drive Mobile Robots Using Global Terminal Sliding Mode Controller.(2022) Bahiru BefekaduThe primary goal of this study was to model and design a global fast terminal sliding mode control with quick reaching strategy for a two-wheeled mobile robots, specifically for differential drive mobile robot. In this thesis, an approach of dynamics modeling of DDMR using Langrage and GFTSMCQR trajectory tracking of DDMR is proposed. The proposed controller is a cascaded system such that designed to improve the dynamic response of the system i.e. fast convergence and high precision control system, asymptotical convergence, and chattering phenomena using GFTSMCQR. To render an asymptotical merging of the response to desired states and decrease the chattering in a traditional SMC system, a quick reaching law is proposed for DDMR, which makes the DDMR system have a fast approaching rate without chattering due switching functions. Moreover, an improved GFT sliding surface is proposed for the DDMR, makes DDMR translational and rotational system to attain equilibrium points in a finite time along the GFT sliding surface with an increased approaching rate and high precision control system.